Short, medium, long-term plans for the 3Is (Information, Institutions/Policy, and Investments) can be formulated.

• Information: Monitoring systems, knowledge base, applied research, data dashboards, digital twins, hotspot analytics, decision support tools and scenario planning to support planning and response.
• Institutions: Institutional coordination (across sectors, levels of government) and with a range of relevant stakeholders (government, academia/ research institutions, private sector, CSOs, financiers and other partners), capacity-building (incl. using virtual tools such as e-learning and VR systems).
• Investments: Improved green and grey infrastructure for wastewater treatment, integrated nutrient management approaches in agricultural areas, improved monitoring systems and institutional infrastructure.